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A number of guidelines are available for the management of congenital heart diseases CHD from infancy to adult life. However, these guidelines are for patients living in high-income countries. Separate guidelines, applicable to Indian children, are required when recommending an intervention for CHD, as often these patients present late in the course of the disease and may have coexisting morbidities and malnutrition.
Evidence-based recommendations are provided for indications and timing of intervention in common CHD, including left-to-right shunts atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and others , obstructive lesions pulmonary stenosis, aortic stenosis, and coarctation of aorta , and cyanotic CHD tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries, univentricular hearts, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, Ebstein's anomaly, and others.
In addition, protocols for follow-up of postsurgical patients are also described, disease wise. Guidelines are also given on indications for implantation of permanent pacemakers in children. Congenital heart diseases CHDs are the most common birth defects, responsible for nearly one-third of all congenital birth defects.
Advances in pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery have made it possible to repair or palliate most of the CHDs including the complex ones. Evidence-based recommendations for the management of CHD have been published by task force members from a number of national and international associations, but these are primarily meant for children born in high-income countries.
