Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. I would also like to thank my ex-colleagues at Birkbeck University, as well as Laura Kelly, who provided constructive comments.
I am particularly grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their useful and stimulating suggestions. This paper explores the influence of English female doctors on the creation of the International Planned Parenthood Federation IPPF and the production and circulation of contraceptive knowledge in England and, to a lesser extent in France, between and I recover their pioneering work and argue that they were pivotal in legitimising family planning within medical circles.
Not only were English medical women active and experienced agents in the family planning movement in England; they also represented a conduit of information and training crucial for French doctors. Transfer of knowledge across the channel was thus a decisive tool for implementing family planning services in France.
This paper explores the influence of English 1 female doctors on the creation of the International Planned Parenthood Federation IPPF and the production and circulation of contraceptive knowledge in England and, to a lesser extent in France, between and The inter-war years witnessed the creation of birth control clinics in various Western countries. Scholars have explored the mapping of these clinics from a national and local perspective. The opening of the British clinics resulted from increasing concerns around population issues.
Historians have analysed the discourse behind their creation, emphasising the interplay between the neo-Malthusian, eugenic and feminist arguments, though daily practices at the clinics tended to marginalise eugenic ideas.
