We thus investigated the potential role of vertical transfers of maternal microbiotas in programming the eating behavior of the offspring. We first checked microbiotal differences between inoculas. We then assessed the impact of transfer from birth to adulthood onto the intestinal microbiota of recipients rats, their growth, and their eating behavior by measuring their caloric intake, their anticipatory food reward responses, their preference for sweet and fat tastes in solutions, and the sensations that extend after food ingestion.
Finally, we searched for correlation between microbiota composition and food intake parameters. These findings support the view that neonatal gut microbiotal transfer can program eating behavior, even without a significant long-lasting impact on adulthood microbiota composition.
Obesity remains a major public health concern since its prevalence is still on the rise in specific age groups, particularly in the 5—year-old group Who, , and a third of French women of childbearing age are either overweight or obese Matta et al. Obesity in this age range is of particular concern since there is overwhelming evidence that being born to an obese mother increases the risk for the child to develop excess adiposity Weng et al.
Birth weight and weight gain during infancy are important factors in the subsequent development of obesity and chronic diseases associated with excess of adiposity, such as type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease The GBD Obesity Collaborators, , which expose the future adult to a higher risk of death Abdelaal et al. Excess intake of calories and alteration of the reward system regulation, associated with low physical activity and consumption of food of low quality, are among the main determinants of the vast majority of cases of obesity not associated to genetic polymorphism.
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We propose in the present paper to investigate the causal role of transmission of maternal microbiotas, in obesity, as microbiotas differ between lean and obese mothers, are the main determinants of offspring gut colonization, and the resulting intestinal microbiota could impact feeding behavior of the offspring.
