Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Activation of the integrin is central to these processes and is influenced by specific ECM components, which engage both integrins and syndecans.
The integrin is dependent on the syndecan to become activated and to mediate signals required for MDA-MB and MDA-MB human mammary carcinoma cell spreading on vitronectin or S1-specific antibody.
The activated form of this integrin participates in arrest of tumor cells in the blood stream Pilch et al. In endothelial cells forming new blood vessels, the active integrin is linked not only to adhesion-dependent processes but also to signaling in response to FGF-2 Eliceiri et al.
Mechanisms leading to activation of this integrin are complex, including proteolytic cleavage Ratnikov et al. The syndecan family of cell surface heparan sulfate HS proteoglycans is comprised of four vertebrate members. These receptors are expressed on virtually all cell types, although their expression may be altered in disease states such as cancer Beauvais and Rapraeger, The syndecan core proteins share a high degree of conservation in their short cytoplasmic and transmembrane TM domains; in contrast, their ectodomains EDs are divergent with the exception of attachment sites for HS glycosaminoglycans.
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In addition to the activities of their HS chains, the syndecan core proteins have roles in cell adhesion signaling Rapraeger, ; Tumova et al. Conserved and variable regions of the syndecan cytoplasmic domains appear critical for binding interactions that lead to adhesion-mediated signaling and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton Couchman et al. Perhaps the least expected active protein domain is the syndecan ED, which bears the HS chains. Nonetheless, several emerging studies suggest that the syndecan ED may have important regulatory roles in cell adhesion signaling.
