Introduction: Is Paris a min city, where inhabitants can access essential amenities such as schools and shops with a min walk or bike ride? The concept of a min more generally, X-minute city was launched in the French capital and was part of the current mayor's plan in her latest re-election campaign. Yet, its fit with the existing urban structure had not been previously assessed. Methods: This article combines open map data from a large participatory project and geo-localized socio-economic data from official statistics to fill this gap.
Results: We show that, while the city of Paris is rather homogeneous, it is nonetheless characterized by remarkable inequalities between a highly accessible city center though with some internal differences in terms of types of amenities and a less well-equipped periphery, where lower-income neighborhoods are more often found. The heterogeneity increases if we consider Paris together with its immediate surroundings, the "Petite Couronne," where large numbers of daily commuters and other users of city facilities live.
Discussion: We thus conclude that successful implementation of the X-minute-city concept requires addressing existing socio-economic inequalities, and that especially in big cities, it should be extended beyond the narrow boundaries of the municipality itself to encompass the larger area around it. Is Paris a min city? Launched precisely in the French capital, the min or more generally, X-min city concept Moreno, reflects the urban planning objective of giving inhabitants access to essential amenities within a X-min walk or bike ride.
Living in a min cityβa polycentric cityβis expected to improve personal health and sociability, ensure sustainability, and support the fight against climate change Moreno et al. The objective endorsed by the Mayor of Paris, Anne Hidalgo, during her electoral campaign, is to reduce carbon emissions from mobility while promoting physical activity. At the same time, Paris constitutes a very diverse and unequal space.
Figure 1. It includes more than a hundred towns. The labeled towns will be mentioned throughout our analysis. Empty map taken from: fr. This article evaluates Paris in light of the min city concept while taking into account the large socio-economic inequalities among its inhabitants. We build and analyze accessibility measures for inner Paris alone and for Paris with its immediate surroundings, called Petite Couronne and depicted in Figure 1A.
