Cardiovascular diseases CVDs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with disparities observed between males and females. Psychosocial work exposures PWE , including workload, job control, reward and long working hours, are associated with CVD development. Despite higher prevalence among females, the association with CVD is consistently observed in males, with limited explanations for these differences.
This study aimed to examine the consideration of sex and gender in prospective studies within systematic reviews on PWE - specifically, the demand-control model, the effort-reward imbalance model, and long working hours - and CVD. While most studies recognized potential sex and gender differences in the associations between PWE and CVD, only about half of the 28 studies that included both sexes 15 studies analyzed females and males separately.
Moreover, few studies included criteria for sex- and gender-based analyses. Although there is a rising trend in integrating sex and gender considerations, significant gaps persist in methodologies and reporting, highlighting the need for comprehensive incorporation of sex and gender considerations to bolster CVD prevention strategies and policies. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Demand-control-support model; Effort-reward imbalance model; Long working hours; Psychosocial work exposures; Sex and gender considerations.
Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. Abstract Cardiovascular diseases CVDs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with disparities observed between males and females.
Publication types Systematic Review Review.
