The article then turns to alternative regimes, notably based on cheap water hand pumps and costly private boreholes. The backlash induced by oil prices slump in the mids plunged the country into its worst economic crisis in decades. Uncertainties partly result from the multiplicity of water sources in the Chadian capital. Bricolages combine production industrial catchment, hand pumping, boreholes… and distribution services water porting, shared-supply and counting 2.
Among these are associated connection costs and widespread reliance over private boreholes across many neighbourhoods.
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My application was accepted and I was assigned to the maintenance and Travaux neufs 3 New Works teams of the DT for 7 days. This internship consisted in following the STE agents in their daily job, helping out on carrying tools or other materials, taking notes and numerous photographs as well as having multiple informal conversations with the agents while they were working or during their breaks.
After the week of internship, I followed up with additional exchanges with the agents and managers I had previously interviewed. I also use materials collected during interviews with a dozen of neighbourhood association members, municipal officers and water end-users.
More broadly, Graham and Marvin paint infrastructures as the critical aspect of modern cities. The absence of integrated networks in numerous urban contexts has undermined the replicability of the paradigm Coutard, Such micro-networks mimic standard, universal water provision schemes but without central system coupling. Conversely, micro-networks of Mendoza Argentina have spread around archipelagos in newly urbanised areas without fully countering endeavours towards network universalisation Lavie and Marshall, In Douala Cameroon , the fragmentation of public water services has opened multiple opportunities for informal practices and politicians-entrepreneurs Big men to organise the water supply market Nantchop Tenkap, Authors have thought beyond infrastructural uniformity and universality to emphasise sociotechnical coexistence in the Global South Furlong, , p.
