The two ruled as joint monarchs of England , Scotland , and Ireland until Mary's death in , when William became ruler in his own right. Jacobitism , the political movement that aimed to restore the exiled James or his descendants in the House of Stuart to the throne, persisted into the late 18th century.
William's invasion was the last successful invasion of England. Despite his own Catholicism , usually an impediment to Protestant support, James became king in February with widespread backing from the Protestant majorities in England and Scotland, as well as largely Catholic Ireland. However, his policies quickly eroded support, and by June , dissatisfaction turned into active, yet largely unarmed, resistance.
The prospect of a Catholic dynasty following the birth of his son James Francis Edward on 10 June led a group of domestic opponents to issue the Invitation to William , seeking Dutch support to remove him. Exploiting unrest in England and claiming to be responding to the invitation, William landed in Devon with an expeditionary force on 5 November As William advanced on London, James's army disintegrated and he went into exile in France on 23 December. A separate but similar Scottish settlement was made in June.
Domestically, the Revolution confirmed the primacy of Parliament over the Crown in both England and Scotland. In terms of external policy, until his death in , William combined the roles of Dutch stadtholder and British monarch. Both states thus became allies in resisting French expansion, an alliance which persisted for much of the 18th century, despite differing objectives.
Under William's leadership, Dutch resources were focused on the land war with France, with the Royal Navy taking the lead at sea. This was a significant factor in the Dutch Republic being overtaken as the leading European maritime power by Britain during the War of the Spanish Succession. Despite his Catholicism , James became king in with widespread backing in all three of his kingdoms.
